With the rapid development of the 3D seismic exploration market in mining areas, the period of high-resolution 3D seismic exploration has now entered. To carry out seismic exploration in blocks with complex seismic geological conditions, it is necessary to consider not only the number of coverage times, but also the depth of burial of the target layer, the complexity of the ground surface, and the construction efficiency, which give higher requirements for the design of 3D seismic exploration observation system. Taking the example of 3D seismic exploration in the exploration area of the border zone between Mao’u’su Desert and the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, the conventional beam observation system was optimized into a brick-wall observation system. From the analysis and comparison, it improved the offset distance distribution, realized the uniform distribution of gun inspection pairs in all directions, reduced the acquisition step length, weakened the acquisition footprint, ensured the quality of acquisition data, improved the construction efficiency, with good results.