In this paper, the fault characteristics of BRW200 / 31.5 emulsion pump were analyzed and reliability analysis was carried out according to AMSAA model. The results showed that average failure time was 80.23 hours and the failure rate per hour was 0.012 46; reliability was inversely proportional to length of working time and its decline was very fast. In order to ensure sufficient reliability, maintenance and repair of equipment should be running about 400 hours to 500 hours. At the same time, main factors influencing its reliability were analyzed. In practice, these influencing factors could be targeted to improve its reliability.