There are many aspects causing the pollution of livestock and poultry breeding, the caused environmental pollution has also been widely concerned. According to the characteristics and prevention status of pollution in livestock and poultry breeding in China, the existing problems and the influencing factors of the pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding were analyzed. It is put forward that through paying great attention to the pollution treatment of livestock and poultry breeding in rural areas, strengthening publicity and education and public opinion guidance, carrying out strict plan and rational layout, improving the construction of pollutant treatment facilities, strengthening department work responsibilities, establishing long-term management mechanism, taking effective control measures, the pollution of livestock and poultry breeding can be actively prevented and controlled.