In view of the complex hydrogeological conditions in the shallow buried area of the fourth panel of No.15 coal seam in Yangcheng Jinsheng Gulong Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Shanxi Jincheng Coal Group, the geological structure, hydrogeological characteristics and coal seam occurrence in the shallow buried area were systematically analyzed by means of comprehensive exploration such as geological survey, engineering drilling and geophysical exploration wells. The research showed that the buried depth of No.15 coal seam in shallow buried area was 38.35-81.00 m, the thickness was 1.81-2.70 m, and the height of roof water conduction fractured zone was 31.7-42.9 m. The main water filling sources were atmospheric precipitation and roof aquifer, and the water filling channel was the water conduction fracture of coal seam roof. According to the buried depth of coal seam and the height of water conduction fracture, the shallow buried area was divided into key prevention and control area and general prevention and control area. The corresponding water prevention and control measures were put forward, and the range of protective coal pillar was calculated. The research results provided a scientific basis for safe mining in shallow buried areas and had important engineering application value.