Mine hydrology and geological conditions are one of the most important criteria for judging the safety of mining, and the main water-filling factors are the main basis for mine water control. Based on the geological, physical exploration and drilling data of Shangzhuang Mine, the hydrological and geological characteristics as well as the main water-filling factors of the mine were analyzed comprehensively, and the characteristics of the water accumulation in the goaf of the No. 3 coal seam and the distribution of the water-rich area of the K8 sandstone were clarified, the technology revealed the potential risk of each coal seam mining with water-conducting fissure as the main water-filling channel, which provided the basis for mine safety production and mine water prevention.