Mining and excavation activities of mine can form goaf subsidence area, resulting in ground deformation and destruction of surface buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the scope of surface damage caused by mining and excavation face, identify the boundary of goaf, which provides disaster prevention and mitigation services for mine goaf. Taking the mine working face of Shanxi Lu ' an Group Yuwu Coal Industry Co., Ltd. as an example, the seismic detection and recognition technology of mine goaf subsidence area was studied. Before and after the mining of the working face, the two-dimensional seismic exploration survey line was arranged at the same position on the corresponding ground, and the single shot record of the collected seismic data and the same position of the superimposed time profile were comprehensively and finely identified. The distribution characteristics of the seismic geological spatial structure at the same position before and after the mining of the working face were obtained, and the surface damage range caused by the formation of goaf in the working face was delineated.