Based on the issue of leaving fault pillars in the 113 upper 05 isolated working face at Gaozhuang Coal Mine, which is affected by a large-offset fault graben zone, this study analyzes the mechanism of rockburst occurrence from perspectives of energy module, stress module, and geological structural zones. A numerical model was established according to actual geological conditions to investigate the evolution patterns of stress and energy during mining. The peak stress values near the fault in the inner and outer sections of the working face were 57.4 MPa and 54.3 MPa, respectively, while the peak elastic strain energy density within the fault pillar reached 35.2 kJ/m3. Corresponding pressure-relief and rockburst prevention measures were implemented based on engineering practice. Monitoring results show that both microseismic energy and frequency significantly decreased after pressure relief, with post-relief stress and energy levels remaining below warning thresholds, effectively reducing rockburst risk during mining.