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Abstract In order to prevent water-containing coal from freezing easily during railway transportation in winter— which can cause difficulties in unloading coal from transport vehicles— a new type of low-chlorine coal antifreeze solution was developed. A comprehensive analysis of the antifreeze's various properties showed that the solution, formulated with 28% anhydrous calcium chloride, 1% borax, 4% triethanolamine, 5% urea, and 0.7% of hydroxyethyl cellulose by mass, has moderate viscosity and can operate at temperatures as low as -54 ℃, meeting the national standard TB/T 3208-2008. Moreover, the antifreeze is environmentally friendly as it does not contain heavy metal ions, nitrates, or other toxic or hazardous substances. The raw materials used are inexpensive, indicating strong potential for industrial application.
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