In the mining process of coal mine working face, the emergence of anticline and syncline structure can easily affect the safety of working face. Based on the microseism monitoring data of No.16091 Face in Zhaogu No.1 Coal Mine, the spatial-temporal and energy dynamic evolution characteristics of the three stages of the early, middle and late stages of the anticline were summarized. The research showed that the frequency of microseism events presented a W-shaped trend when the upper layer mining met the anticline structure. The proportion of roof and floor changes obviously. After the mining was pushed to the middle position of the anticline axis, the proportion of roof events was large. In the process of anticline passing through, the distribution of floor events was transformed from ' single peak skewness ' distribution to ' single branch hyperbolic ' distribution ; the density of floor events was large in the early stage of passing through anticline, the depth of floor disturbance was deeper than that in other stages, the energy index was high, the corresponding water inflow was high, and the phenomenon of ' front section danger ' was presented. Combined with microseism and water level observation, forewarning work was done to ensure the safety of mining face.