In response to the problems of large deformation of surrounding rock in permanent tunnels, strong mining pressure manifestation, and severe failure of anchor rods (cables), the +320m west roadway of Daichiba Mine was taken as the engineering background, the failure mechanism of tunnel support was analyzed using comprehensive research methods such as theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on-site monitoring. A multi-level coupling control strategy for tunnel surrounding rock, mainly anchor injection technology, was proposed. Research has shown that under strong mining pressure, traditional threaded steel anchor rods may experience anchor failure due to sliding failure, fracture failure at the tail thread of the anchor rod, and failure of the support surface, resulting in anchor failure. In response to the above failure forms, improvement methods had been proposed, such as surrounding rock grouting reinforcement, the use of waste steel wire ropes to combine anchor rods, and pressure relief grooves, forming a multi-level anchor spray grouting combined reinforcement technology. The engineering application results showed that the multi-level anchor spray grouting combined reinforcement technology had a good control effect on the surrounding rock of strong mining pressure tunnels.