In order to grasp the fault development and water-rich characteristics in front of the upper mountain excavation face of the air return mining area of Jinneng Coal Industry, the transient electromagnetic method was used to detect, combined with the specific conditions of the roadway, the roadway transient electromagnetic advanced detection program was designed. The detection results showed that there was a belt low resistance abnormal area in the floor 50m ahead of the heading face of the roadway, with poor overall water abundance in the abnormal area, evaluation of water inrush coefficient method was adopted to get that there was no danger of water inrush from the floor of Ordovician limestone in fault area. According to the mining construction, the fault development characteristics were basically consistent with the detection results, and there was no water inrush during the mining through the fault.