In order to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in Huaibei mining area, this paper systematically analyzed the hydrogeological characteristics, hydrochemical characteristics and water quality types of Xulou emergency water source area, and the underground water resources and water quality were evaluated. The results showed that the karst water resources in the water source area of the Xu Lou were abundant and the groundwater quality was good, which can be used as an emergency source area, and the area of the water source was about 107.8 km2.