In order to study the occurrence characteristics, physical characteristics and geochemistry characteristics of oil shale in the Yaojie coalfield, full use of drilling data, field outcrop data, analysis and test data were collected to analyze the related characteristics of oil shale in the Yaojie coalfield mining area systematically. The oil shale with exploitation value mainly existed in the middle upper part of the Middle Jurassic. The average thickness of the oil shale layer1 was thicker than the oil shale layer 4, but the average oil content of the oil shale layer1 was lower than the layer 4. Besides, the stability of the layer1 was better than that of the layer 4. The type of kerogen of the layer 1 of oil shale belongs to the type of humic mud, and the layer 4 kerogen of oil shale belongs to humic - humic type. The control factors of oil shale formation in the research area was summarized, and it was mainly influenced by paleogeomorphologic features, paleoclimatic conditions, sedimentary environment and tectonic conditions.