In order to study the main factors that influencing the caving recovery effect, geological occurrence conditions and mining technical conditions were analyzed separately. The analysis showed that the greater the mining depth and fracture, the more easily broken the coal, the greater the strength of coal seam, the more difficult the mining. middle band and roof strata exerts some influence for mine broken. based on the analysis of roof strata, with the increase of machine mining height, increased stress area would get big, strengthen the top-coal crushing effect. Caving ratio, caving step, caving position and size were analyzed, which provided some reference for reasonable parameters of caving technology.