To address the problems of outward bulging, cracking and attenuation of support resistance of high-water material filling bodies beside the gob-side entry retaining in the No.9 coal seam 9303 working face of Gaoping Kexing Zhaozhuang Coal Industry in Shanxi Province, a research on the development and parameter optimization of the prestressed bearing structure for filling bodies was carried out combined with the production geological conditions and mine pressure laws of the working face. By means of FLAC3D numerical simulation, the stress distribution and deformation control effects of three reinforcement schemes, including opposite-pull anchor bolts, opposite-pull anchor bolts + vertical ladder beams, and opposite-pull anchor bolts + transverse ladder beams, were compared. The structural reliability was verified through field industrial tests in the return airway of No. 9303 Face. The results showed that the optimized prestressed structure combining opposite-pull anchor bolts, vertical ladder beams and steel mesh presented the best performance. The rib convergence of the filling body at 100 m behind the working face can be controlled within 110 mm, and the maximum roof separation was 48 mm. The support resistance of the filling body met the required 12.37 MN/m for main roof cutting off, which effectively solved the insufficient stability of single filling bodies.With multi-dimensional synergistic effects, the proposed prestressed bearing structure improved the bearing capacity and deformation resistance of filling bodies. It provided a reliable technical support for gob-side entry retaining with high-water materials in thin coal seams and had popularization and application prospects.