In order to determine the reasonable layout position of transportation roadway in No.1803 Face of Xinjiang No.106 Mine under the insufficient caving goaf, the actual geological conditions of Xinjiang No.106 Mine was taken as the background, the reasonable layout position of No.1803 transportation was studied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Through theoretical analysis, the vertical stress distribution law under the insufficient caving structure was obtained, and the theoretical range of the reasonable layout of the roadway was obtained. The geological characteristics of Xinjiang No.106 Mine were simulated by numerical software. Based on theoretical analysis, different layout schemes of transportation roadway were simulated. The results showed that the range of 35~45 m from the center of coal pillar in the upper goaf section was a reasonable layout range. In this area, the arrangement of transportation roadway could effectively avoid the high stress area.