Based on the engineering background of No.221303 belt transportation roadway in Xiaojiawa Coal Mine of Shanxi Jinxing Energy Co., Ltd., transient electromagnetic method and conventional drilling detection method were used to detect the geological abnormal area of No.221303 belt transportation roadway. After processing and analyzing the test data, and comparing with the geological data, the distribution of the geological abnormal area of No.221303 belt transportation roadway in Xiaojiawa Coal Mine was revealed. The results showed that the water abundance situation in abnormal area of the fracture zone of No.221303 belt transportation roadway was found out, and the reliability and accuracy of the mine transient electromagnetic method were verified by combining the comprehensive effect of the mine transient electromagnetic method and the general drilling detection method. Using the transient electromagnetic geophysical prospecting of No.221303 belt transportation roadway, it was found that the 20-40 m layer of the coal seam roof in the range from the front of No.221303 belt transportation roadway to the left 40 m was abundant in water, which was a fracture water enrichment area. According to the observation and analysis of water inflow and water pressure of roof and floor detection drilling holes, the head of No.221303 belt transportation roadway was a fracture zone, and the local water abundance area was unevenly distributed. The fracture zone became a local water conducting channel, and it was determined that the water source of the drilling hole was roof fracture water.