In view of the serious heat damage and waste of geothermal resources in mines in China, this paper studies the synergistic prevention and control technology of geothermal energy development and heat damage, and puts forward the efficient mining and cooling methods at the present stage. The method of cold water circulation heat absorption is used to combine the prevention and control of heat damage in deep mines with the utilization of geothermal resources to realize synergistic mining, and the feasibility and economic analysis of this method are carried out. The research results show that this technology can not only realize the prevention and control of mine heat damage, but also effectively utilize the deep geothermal energy. It can ensure the safe production of underground working face while mining the mine geothermal energy, effectively reducing the cost of enterprises in the prevention and control of heat damage, and providing a feasible scheme for the coal-heat co-mining of deep resources, which has great economic and social benefits.