基于凹凸棒基海绵状超疏水材料的制备及性能研究

doi:10.19286/j.cnki.cci.2025.06.029

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摘要

随着现代石油工业、煤制油和精细化工行业迅猛发展，有机物（油）引起的水体污染问题日益严峻，成为制约我国生态文明建设的主要因素之一。凹凸棒黏土凭借其良好的吸附性能，成为治理水体污染的一种天然、低成本、高效的吸附材料。采用多种制孔剂和硬性模板原理，克服凹凸棒纳米棒晶易团聚的问题，制得的凹凸棒基多孔材料（SA）吸附率大幅提高。通过硅烷偶联剂改性技术和化学气相沉积法（CVD）对SA材料进行改性处理，制得的凹凸棒基多孔疏水材料（HSA）低成本、易回收，且兼具多孔性、亲油性和疏水性。通过XRD、SEM、BET、XPS和紫外光谱分析等表征技术，对HSA进行全面的特性分析。实验结果表明，HSA不仅展现出超亲油和疏水的特性，而且在有机污染物的吸附容量上表现卓越，同时在水/有机物（油）分离过程中显示出高选择性。

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	马俊青

关键词 ：凹凸棒基, 多孔材料, 疏水改性, 选择性吸附

Abstract：

With the rapid development of the modern petroleum industry, coal oil and fine chemical industry, the problem of water pollution caused by organic matter (oil) is becoming increasingly serious, which is one of the main factors restricting the construction of ecological civilization in China. With its good adsorption properties, attapulgite has become a natural, low-cost and efficient adsorption material for water pollution management. The multiple pore-making agents and the principle of hard templates were used to overcome the problem of easy agglomeration of nano-sized rod crystals, and the adsorption rate of the produced attapulgite-based porous material (SA) was greatly increased. The SA materials were modified by silane coupling agent modification technology and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and the resulting attapulgite-based porous hydrophobic materials (HSAs) were low-cost, easy to recycle, and possessed porous, lipophilic and hydrophobic properties. The HSA was characterized by characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, BET, XPS and UV spectral analysis. The experimental results showed that the HSA not only exhibited super lipophilic and hydrophobic properties but also excelled in the adsorption capacity of organic pollutants, as well as showed high selectivity in the water/organic matter (oil) separation process.

Key words： attapulgite-based porous material hydrophobic modification selective adsorption

作者简介: 马俊青（ 1991— ），男，甘肃敦煌人，工程师。

引用本文:

马俊青. 基于凹凸棒基海绵状超疏水材料的制备及性能研究[J]. 煤炭与化工, 2025, 48(6): 136-141，160.. Ma Junqing. Fabrication and performance research of attapulgite-based sponge-like superhydrophobic materials. CCI, 2025, 48(6): 136-141，160..

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http://www.mtyhg.com.cn/CN/10.19286/j.cnki.cci.2025.06.029 或 http://www.mtyhg.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V48/I6/136

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