In view of the problem that the 10 kV overhead line of coal mine air shaft is easy to be struck by lightning and poses a threat to the safe use of electricity, this paper takes Gequan Coal Mine as an example. According to the lightning protection research of the 10 kV overhead line of the mine, the field and theoretical analysis of the line is carried out, and the lightning protection is explored by using PSCAD software to simulate the line. The research shows that the strengthening of line insulation, the installation of arresters and lightning wires can effectively improve the lightning withstand level of the line. Finally, combined with the actual situation of Gequan Coal Mine, the method of XP-70 suspension insulator + lightning conductor is selected to ensure the power supply reliability of the overhead line in the thunderstorm season, which provides a guarantee for the safe production of the mine.