Based on introducing characteristics of coal geological work as well as necessity and importance of geological work in coal mine, influence of geological characteristics of coal mine on coal mining machinery selection and safety production were analyzed, which put forward that the selection of coal mining machinery must be combined with geological characteristics of coal mines. Taking Sijiazhuang Mine as an example, on the basis of analyzing geological conditions of the mine, coal mining machine, hydraulic support and scraper conveyor in the fully mechanized coal mining face were selected, and the main geological factors affecting the safety production were also analyzed. Meanwhile, the corresponding measures were sum up, which provided reference for other equipment selection and safety production in coal mines.