Aiming at the prevention and control of the hidden danger of rock burst in the bottom coal area during the mining of deep thick coal seam, taking No.MZ21020 Face of Changcun Coal Mine as the engineering background, the dynamic evolution law of stress and the mechanism of rock burst instability in the bottom coal area were systematically studied by means of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. The results showed that after the excavation of the roadway, the concentration of horizontal stress in the floor was the main factor inducing rock burst. The numerical simulation showed that the maximum horizontal stress in the bottom coal area reached 42 MPa, the vertical displacement was 0.50 m, and the elastic energy accumulation was significant. Based on this, the on-site monitoring scheme of drilling cuttings method and on-line stress monitoring was proposed, and the active pressure relief was carried out by using large diameter drilling and directional blasting technology. The engineering application results showed that the above measures effectively reduced the impact risk in this area, which could provide technical reference for the prevention and control of deep mine disasters.