In order to realize the energy saving and emission reduction and economic benefit improvement of coal mine under the goal of " double carbon, " aiming at the outstanding problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency of power generation system in coal mine gas extraction system, taking Jiulishan Coal Mine of Henan Coking Coal Energy as the implementation unit, the technical transformation and empirical research on energy saving and efficiency improvement of gas extraction and power generation system were carried out. Through the technical transformation of high voltage frequency conversion control of four 2BEC-80 water ring vacuum pumps in Nanfengjing gas pumping station, the energy consumption of pumping station operation is greatly reduced. On this basis, the pilot test of polymer drag reducing agent was carried out to verify its energy saving effect under power frequency and frequency conversion mode. In the gas power generation link, the technical transformation with the core of ' coal mine gas efficient gas-water separation and water content monitoring integrated system ' and ' intelligent control system upgrade ' was implemented, which effectively solved the key problems such as high inlet temperature, large water content and mismatched control strategy. This study successfully constructed a technical system of ' source extraction and efficiency improvement-process fluid drag reduction-end power generation optimization ', which provided a replicable and replicable comprehensive solution for the efficient, low-carbon and economic operation of similar mine gas systems.