In order to improve the control effect of surrounding rock in the preparation roadway of No.15 coal mining area in Shigang Coal Mine, on the basis of data processing and analysis of mine pressure monitoring, the optimization of roadway support scheme is studied by means of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that under the original support design conditions, the load of roof and side bolts is large, the risk of yield failure is high, and the load of anchor cable is small and does not fully play its role. On this basis, an optimization scheme is proposed to reduce the length of roof anchor cable from 8.5 m to 7.0 m, increase the anchorage agent from 1.2 m to 1.6 m, and increase the prestress from 120 kN to 190 kN. The results of numerical simulation analysis show that the plastic zone and surface displacement of roadway surrounding rock are obviously reduced. The field test in the machine rail roadway of the second mining area shows that the optimized anchor cable and bolt are more reasonable, indicating that the proposed optimization scheme can better control the surrounding rock. The results provide a scientific basis for the optimization of support parameters of preparation roadway in Shigang Coal Mine.