Aiming at the problems of severe mine pressure in the return air roadway of No.2205 Face of Yitian Coal Industry, through field engineering test and theoretical analysis, the variation law of height and width of surrounding rock in return air roadway in time and space was studied, and the law of mine pressure in mining roadway under the influence of mining was obtained. The mechanical parameters of grouting anchor cable and grouting body of surrounding rock of roadway under the influence of mining were analyzed, and the influencing factors and mechanism of grouting support of surrounding rock of mining roadway under the influence of mining were revealed. According to the characteristics of the surrounding rock of the roadway affected by mining, it was proposed to adopt anchor cable grouting to improve the stress of the surrounding rock of the roadway. The field test showed that the convergence deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway was obviously reduced after using the grouting anchor cable support for the return air roadway, which could meet the requirements of safe production and provide practical and theoretical basis for the control of the surrounding rock of the mining roadway under the influence of mining.