In order to judge the stress concentration area of No.S5-15 Face in Changcun Mine and solve the problem of severe deformation caused by high deviatoric stress in roadway, the key position of large deformation and instability failure of roadway under special island working face excavation and mining disturbance was analyzed by numerical simulation. The distribution of high stress areas with different coal pillar widths was compared, which provided ideas and theories for the key prevention and control of surrounding rock in subsequent roadways. The results showed that the high stress concentration areas in different mining periods under the 10 m coal pillar were different, and the key prevention and control areas were also different. The high stress concentration degree above the roadway under different coal pillars is different. With the increase of the remaining coal pillars, the high stress showed the opposite trend. This study provided ideas for the key prevention and control of subsequent roadway surrounding rock.