Through the analysis of the geological background, lithological characteristics, sedimentary facies and sedimentary environment, and coal seam distribution and development characteristics of Yan'an Formation coal strata in Yinxing No. 1 Mine, the main controlling factors for the formation and development of Yan'an Formation coal seams were discussed. Research showed thatYinxing No. 1 Mine contained 22 coal seams, including 9 minable coal seams, with a minable coal content of 4.85%. The coal seams had the characteristics of extensive development, little change in thickness, and relatively stable minable area.The sedimentary environment was dominated by river delta facies continental deposits, and coal seams were mostly formed in the peat swamp environment in the delta plain.The formation and development of coal seams were mainly controlled by basement characteristics and sedimentary environment. The sedimentary environment was the main controlling factor for the distribution and development of coal seams in the Yan'an Formation in YinxingNo. 1 Mine.