In the production of caprolactam, the deuteration reaction of cyclohexanone oxime from cyclohexanone plays an important role. The traditional deuteration process including Laxi method, NO catalytic reduction method, hydroxylamine deuteration method, the new deuteration process (catalytic process) including gas phase ammonia deuteration method and liquid phase ammonia deuteration process, and the advantages and disdvatages of  various processes were introduced. It is proposed that the catalyst plays an important role in the deuteration reaction. The gas phase and liquid phase ammonia deuteration methods in the new modern production process introduce the catalyst into the deuteration reaction to minimize by-products and significantly increase the production efficiency. Saving resources, energy, and reducing costs are important research directions for this deuteration process. The catalytic effect of the catalyst, the maximum catalytic activity and the service life of the catalyst after the reaction are main research contents.