Based on mining difficulty under railway bridge and high maintenance requirements, may cause the subsidence, inclination, curvature, horizontal displacement, horizontal deformation of surface movement and deformation problems, combined with Fangezhuang Mine grouting technology to the actual situation of coal mining railway bridge, specially the surface observation station was set up, and the subgrade observatory bridge station, railway station, setting, observation method, observation period and data collection were analyzed. Results showed that the surface observation station setting and effective operation, can effectively extend the service life of mine, extend the underground coal resources to the greatest extent and guarantee the safe and efficient mining.